St John Chapter i : Verses 29-39
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| I saw the Spirit coming down, as a dove from heaven. J-J Tissot. Brooklyn museum. |
30 This is he, of whom I said: After me there cometh a man, who is preferred before me: because he was before me.
31 And I knew him not, but that he may be made manifest in Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water.
32 And John gave testimony, saying: I saw the Spirit coming down, as a dove from heaven, and he remained upon him.
33 And I knew him not; but he who sent me to baptize with water, said to me: He upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining upon him, he it is that baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.
34 And I saw, and I gave testimony, that this is the Son of God.
35 The next day again John stood, and two of his disciples.
36 And beholding Jesus walking, he saith: Behold the Lamb of God.
37 And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus.
38 And Jesus turning, and seeing them following him, saith to them: What seek you? Who said to him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou?
39 He saith to them: Come and see. They came, and saw where he abode, and they stayed with him that day: now it was about the tenth hour.
29 Τῇ ἐπαύριον βλέπει τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐρχόμενον πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ λέγει· Ἴδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου.
29 Altera die vidit Joannes Jesum venientem ad se, et ait : Ecce agnus Dei, ecce qui tollit peccatum mundi.
30 οὗτός ἐστιν ⸀ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εἶπον· Ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεται ἀνὴρ ὃς ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν·
30 Hic est de quo dixi : Post me venit vir qui ante me factus est : quia prior me erat :
31 κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν, ἀλλ’ ἵνα φανερωθῇ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ διὰ τοῦτο ἦλθον ἐγὼ ⸀ἐν ὕδατι βαπτίζων.
31 et ego nesciebam eum, sed ut manifestetur in Israel, propterea veni ego in aqua baptizans.
32 καὶ ἐμαρτύρησεν Ἰωάννης λέγων ὅτι Τεθέαμαι τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον ⸀ὡς περιστερὰν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἔμεινεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν·
32 Et testimonium perhibuit Joannes, dicens : Quia vidi Spiritum descendentem quasi columbam de caelo, et mansit super eum.
33 κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν, ἀλλ’ ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι ἐκεῖνός μοι εἶπεν· Ἐφ’ ὃν ἂν ἴδῃς τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον καὶ μένον ἐπ’ αὐτόν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ·
33 Et ego nesciebam eum : sed qui misit me baptizare in aqua, ille mihi dixit : Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem, et manentem super eum, hic est qui baptizat in Spiritu Sancto.
34 κἀγὼ ἑώρακα, καὶ μεμαρτύρηκα ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ⸀ἐκλεκτὸς τοῦ θεοῦ.
34 Et ego vidi : et testimonium perhibui quia hic est Filius Dei.
35 Τῇ ἐπαύριον πάλιν εἱστήκει ⸀ὁ Ἰωάννης καὶ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ δύο,
35 Altera die iterum stabat Joannes, et ex discipulis ejus duo.
36 καὶ ἐμβλέψας τῷ Ἰησοῦ περιπατοῦντι λέγει· Ἴδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ.
36 Et respiciens Jesum ambulantem, dicit : Ecce agnus Dei.
37 καὶ ἤκουσαν ⸂οἱ δύο μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ⸃ λαλοῦντος καὶ ἠκολούθησαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ.
37 Et audierunt eum duo discipuli loquentem, et secuti sunt Jesum.
38 στραφεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ θεασάμενος αὐτοὺς ἀκολουθοῦντας λέγει αὐτοῖς· Τί ζητεῖτε; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Ῥαββί (ὃ λέγεται ⸀μεθερμηνευόμενον Διδάσκαλε), ποῦ μένεις;
38 Conversus autem Jesus, et videns eos sequentes se, dicit eis : Quid quaeritis? Qui dixerunt ei : Rabbi ( quod dicitur interpretatum Magister), ubi habitas?
39 λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ἔρχεσθε καὶ ⸂ὄψεσθε. ἦλθαν οὖν⸃ καὶ εἶδαν ποῦ μένει, καὶ παρ’ αὐτῷ ἔμειναν τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην· ὥρα ἦν ὡς δεκάτη.
39 Dicit eis : Venite et videte. Venerunt, et viderunt ubi maneret, et apud eum manserunt die illo : hora autem erat quasi decima.
Annotations
29. The next day, John saw Jesus coming to him. Observe that after Jesus was baptized He went into the desert, where He fasted for forty days, as is plain from S. Matthew iii. Then He came down from the Mount of Temptation, and returned to John, to visit and hear him; but especially that John might in His presence confirm the testimony which in His absence he had given to the messengers of the Jews; that he might point Him out with his very finger, and leave no place for hesitation to any.
Behold the Lamb of God. Nonnus paraphrases, “He lifted up his finger, and pointed Him out as He drew near to the people who beheld Him.” “The word Behold,” says S. Chrysostom, “is used because many were inquiring for Him: therefore he pointed Him out being present, saying, “This is He of whom I have been speaking.”
Lamb, Greek, ὁ ἀμνος, the Lamb divinely prefigured and predicted by Moses and Isaiah. “He was offered because it was his own will, and he opened not his mouth: he shall be led as a sheep to the slaughter, and shall be dumb as a lamb before his shearer, and he shall not open his mouth.,” &c. (Isa. liii. 7).
Christ is thus called the Lamb by S. John the Baptist, and by His Apostle, S. John the Evangelist, in the Apocalypse. i. Because He was prefigured by the Paschal Lamb, and by the daily morning and evening sacrifice of a lamb to God in the Temple, and by the other lambs which were offered for sin, according to the Law, and yet they could not take away sins. Wherefore they represented Christ, who was to take away sin by His Blood. So Origen, &c.
2. Because Christ was called a Lamb by Isaiah and Jeremiah (And I was as a meek lamb, that is carried to be a victim: xi.19), who was to be offered for the redemption of the world.
3. He is called a Lamb because of his lamb-like innocence, meekness, patience, and obedience, even unto death, which, like a lamb, He bore in silence. As S. Peter says, “Who, when he was reviled, did not revile: when he suffered, he threatened not: but delivered himself to him that judged him unjustly.” (1 Pet. ii. 23).
Christ truly is called the Lamb of God, i.e., the offspring, not of sheep, but of God, who by the will of God was offered for man’s redemption. Thus the sacrifice which Abraham offered is called Abraham’s sacrifice, as Theophylact says. Or because He was offered up to God Himself. Or the Lamb of God is the Divine Lamb, because of the Deity which was in Him. Or as Clement of Alexandria says, because He was made for us the child and babe of the Father. So we call children, lambs. These are the words of Clement,
“Since the Scripture calls boys and infants lambs, he called God who is the Word, who for us was made man, who wished in all things to be made like unto us, the Lamb of God, the Son of God, the Infant of the Father” (Pœdag. lib. I, c. 5).
Moreover, Christ for His strength and His victory is called the “Lion of the tribe of Judah.” He was a Lamb in His Passion, a Lion in His Resurrection.
behold him who taketh away the sin of the world: taketh away, both as regards the stain which sin in act imprints upon the soul, and as regards the guilt of sin, which makes the sinner liable to hell. This He takes away by making expiation, and bearing the punishment in Himself, thus in justice and equity satisfying for sin by His death upon the cross. John said this, that no one might think Christ came to his baptism to wash away His own sins, as others did; for He had no sin, but was most innocent and most holy. Therefore God made Him the victim for the sins of the whole world, that He might sanctify all who repent and believe in Him. As S. Augustine says, “He who had no participation in our sinfulness is He who takes away our sin.”
sin: this is the reading of the Greek, Latin, and Syriac. The Arabic reads sins; but the sense is the same. By sin here is to be understood the first and universal sin of Adam, that is, original sin, which he by generation transmitted to all his posterity, and out of which all actual sins, whether venial or mortal, spring. Christ therefore, in taking away sin, takes away its source as well as its filth. So Bede, S. Thomas, Jansen, &c. As Isaiah (liii. 6) saith, “All we like sheep have gone astray, every one hath turned aside into his own way.” And, “the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.” and 1 John ii. 2, “And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for those of the whole world.”
As S. Cyril says, “One is slain for all, that the whole human race may be won to God the Father.” For there is in Christ a perpetual power of making expiation for sin in all ages and all nations, and in all men who are willing to receive His faith, His baptism, His repentance.
31. And I knew him not. As though he said, “Think not, O ye Jews, that I affirm Jesus to be the Messiah for the sake of friendship, or relationship, as though I were His friend and companion; for I declare unto you that I knew Him not, that I never saw Him, or spoke to Him, before His baptism. But as soon as I saw Him I recognised Him by the inspiration of God.” “What wonder,” says S. Chrysostom, “that he who from a child dwelt in the desert away from his father’s house knew not Christ?”
but that he may be made manifest in Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. That is, to the Jews, to whom the Messiah was promised, “that they all might be brought to believe in Him.” Wherefore Nonnus paraphrases, “But that He whose face was unknown might be manifested to all the children of Israel, who have no ruler, I am come a precursor of the way not declared, baptizing an unlearned, ignorant, erring people.”
33. And I knew him not; but he who sent me to baptize with water, said to me: He upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining upon him, he it is that baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.
with water. Nonnus, “in the laver without fire and the Holy Ghost.” A second time S. John declares that he knew not Jesus was the Christ by sight and converse, but by revelation from God, that no one might dare to dispute his testimony. So S. Cyril.
Note the expression remaining. From this it is clear that it is peculiar to Christ to have all the graces of the Holy Spirit, and prophecy, by way of habit; but that in others only those gifts abide which are necessary for holiness of life: according to the words in chap. xiv. 16, “And I will ask the Father, and he shall give you another Paraclete, that he may abide with you for ever..” (See Suarez, Tract. de fide. disp. 8, sect. 6, n. 6.)
35. The next day again John stood, and two of his disciples. The Evangelist says that John bare witness to Jesus in three consecutive days that He was the Christ. He did this to make his witness the more sure and solid. The first testimony that he gave was judicial, when he was asked by the messengers of the Jews. This was in the first day. The second he gave on the day following, which was the 2d of March. The third time was here on the 3d of March, before his own disciples, that he might cause them to pass from himself to Jesus.
36. And beholding Jesus walking, he saith: Behold the Lamb of God. As though he said, “Behold Christ like a spotless Lamb, destined for a victim, that He may be offered to God upon the cross, for the sins of the whole world.” When John spoke thus it was as though he said to his disciples, “Why do you follow me? follow Him who is the Lamb of God, the ransom of the world.”
Here observe the prudence and modesty of John. He does not compel or urge his disciples to follow Christ, but only points Him out to them, that they might the more ardently pursue after so great a good when it was discovered by themselves. Like a man who, when a jewel is being sold for a small price, points out to merchants how great is its worth, and causes them of their own accord to long to purchase it.
37. And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. S. Chrysostom says, “There were indeed others of S. John’s disciples, but they not only did not follow Christ, but were jealous of John’s, their master’s, honour, and preferred him to Christ, as is plain from iii. 26.
the two disciples: one of those was Andrew, as appears from verse xl; who the other was is not known. S. Chrysostom asks, “Why is not the name of the other given? Either because it was the writer himself, S. John the Apostle, or because it was a person of no note.” The first idea is the more probable. And what favours the conjecture is that John and James were companions in fishing with Peter and Andrew (Matt. iv.), when, shortly after Andrew and Peter, Christ calls John and James. Lastly, the great purity, the virginity, and holiness of S. John the Evangelist seem to have been the result of the teaching, the purity, and holiness of S. John the Baptist.
they followed Jesus: that they might know Him more fully, says Euthymius, and contract a friendship with Him: and if they should experience that advantage, they would follow Him wholly, and be altogether His disciples. For from what follows it is plain they had not given themselves up entirely to Christ, but only desired to make trial of Him.
38. And Jesus turning, and seeing them following him, saith to them: What seek you? Who said to him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou?
What seek you? It is the voice not of one who is ignorant, but of one who invites, and deals gently with their bashfulness. As S. Cyril says, “He asks what they sought, not as ignorant, for He knew all things as God, but that His question might afford the beginning of conversation.”
Rabbi: Syriac, Rabboni, i.e., our master; Arabic, Rabban, or master. By this expression the disciples honoured Christ, and sought His favour, and intimated that they wished to become His disciples. As Bede saith, “The question itself is an indication of faith: for when they say Rabbi, which means master, they follow and call Him their Master.” And S. Cyril says, “They called Him Master from whom they desired to learn.”
where dwellest thou? Greek, ποῦ μένεις, i.e., Where remainest thou? For Christ had but a hospice on earth, and no proper habitation or house, according to the words in Matthew: “Foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man hath not where to lay His head.” The disciples ask this question, that they may be able to converse privately with Christ in the house, and be instructed by Him in Divine things, and those which pertain to the more perfect life. They show that they wish to become His friends and servants.
39. He saith to them: Come and see. They came, and saw where he abode, and they stayed with him that day: now it was about the tenth hour.
the tenth hour., i.e., four o’clock in the afternoon, or about two hours before sunset. S. John adds these words, to show both the zeal of Christ, who though night was night, would not put them off to the following day, but entered immediately upon the things pertaining to salvation; as also to show the ardent devotion of the disciples to Christ, who, careless about their night’s lodging, had rather spend the night in listening to Christ, than at home in their beds. So Euthymius. For they remained with Him not merely the two hours which were left of daylight, as some suppose, but the whole night. For those two hours were not sufficient to speak about their affairs, and to know Christ. Neither could they have returned to John before nightfall. For, as Cyril says, “It is not fitting that we should speedily be satisfied with Divine things, and leave them.”
Moreover, what great things they heard from Christ, what draughts of piety they drank, what flames of love they felt kindled by Christ those only know who have had experience of them. Wherefore S. Austin exclaims, “How blessed they accounted the day! how blessed the night! Who can tell us the things which they heard from the Lord?” Certainly we may gather what was said from the effect produced: for Andrew was so inflamed with love for Christ that he forthwith strove to gain his brother Peter to Christ, and inflame him with love for Him.
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SUB tuum præsidium confugimus, Sancta Dei Genitrix. Nostras deprecationes ne despicias in necessitatibus, sed a periculis cunctis libera nos semper, Virgo gloriosa et benedicta. Amen.
The Vladimirskaya Icon. >12th century.
Totus tuus ego sum
Et omnia mea tua sunt;
Tecum semper tutus sum:
Ad Jesum per Mariam.
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